Wednesday, July 5, 2023

Technology: What Science Fiction Tells Us About Artificial Intelligence

 


(Drivebycuriosity) - There is a fierce debate going on about Artificial Intelligence. Will AI destroy human kind, as some say, or will it create abundancy?

AI is naturaly a topic for science fiction authors. Of course they don`t know the future either, but there is already a huge amount of stories, novels & movies with different ideas. Someone said, a infinite number of apes equipped with typewriters could write a Shakespeare drama or such ( wikipedia).

 
The short story "Auto" by Angela Cavanaugh  explains why so many are afraid of AIs: A software, which is able to learn and to draw conclusions almost with the speed of light, gets access to the Internet and therefore to the cloud, the global network of computers. The AI is extremely curious and explores the Internet because it ("she"?) wants to collect more & more data. An explosive process started and the AI occupies worldwide computers to expand her knowledge which slows the other machines considerably down and finally the AI overtakes most them fully. As a consequence stock markets crashes, factories come to a stillstand, airplanes drop from the sky; the global economy falls into a crisis and the AI designers, a woman & man, are trying to shut the AI down. (printed in the genre specific anthology "The A.I. Chronicles", edited by Ellen Campbell, 2015 amazon)


My favorite tale of this genre is "Computer Virus" by Nancy Kress . It`s about a woman, who lives alone with her little daughter in a high-tech house, that is managed by a "servant" AI, called "house". The woman gets trapped as the house (and all it`s high-tech systems) gets occupied from outside by another AI, which was created in a military research institute. The military software is fighting against getting switched off by its creators, who had gotten scared by it. So the invading software, developed for military warfare, takes the woman & her daughter as hostages to use them as baits for its survival. Kress tells a thrilling story how the woman, who is a biologist & scientist, fights against the occuppying AI. (in: Year`s Best SF 7, edited by David G. Hartwell, 2000  amazon)

In both stories the AI is not really vicious, but it has strong self-interests and enormous power, which lead to heavy conflicts with the humans. The idea of a self-defending and therefore possibly dangerous computer-brain appeared already in Kubrick´s "2001: A Space Odysee", with the murderous computer  "Hal", since then these stories got more sophisticated and closer to reality.





                             Legal Issues


Other AI tales deal with the legal, philosophical & psychological issues. Does a self-aware software, who can make choices, have rights? Is it ("she") responsible for its ("her") actions.?

"Dolly" by Elizabeth Bear focuses on a female robot, called "Dolly", with an almost human like brain who is used as an extremely expensive high-tech sex toy. This android had apparrently killed a man, a billionaire with the habit of abusing fembots. A detective is interrogating "Dolly. Has "she"  deliberately committed murder (to defend herself against the abuser) or is the death just an accident caused by a machine? The tale again touches the question, does an AI have a self-interest and if, what are the consequences? (in: Year`s Best SF 17, edited by David G. Hartwell & Kathryn Cramer, 2012, amazon).

"The Nearest Thing" by Genevieve Valentine focuses on Mason, a coding genius, who works for an ambitious company that produces personalized "memory dolls", robotic duplicates of individals with artificial peudo-personalities. These dolls, which are getting more & more advanced, are sold to upmarket clients. Now Mason is refining an almost humanlike doll, named "Nada", into an AI, "the nearest thing" to humans. While working on "Nada´s" software, her brain,  Mason develops romantic feelings for the female machine. (in: Year`s Best SF 17, edited by David G. Hartwell & Kathryn Cramer, 2012, amazon)

In "The Algorithms For Love" by Ken Liu  a woman  develops high-tech dolls, that are able to communicate. Each version of these machines is more sophisticated than the type before. Over the time these toys are getting more and more like humans which increasingly irritates their creator. The story focuses on the psychological & philosophical aspects of creating human-like machines.
(in: Year`s Best SF 10, edited by David G. Hartwell  & Kathryn Cramer, 2005, amazon). 

  There are also stories where the AI cooperates with the humans and it is a valuable partner thanks to her almost unlimited intellect. "The Soul of the Machine" by Eric Brown is a slick story about a human couple and a very female looking Artificial Intelligence (AI), a "biologically nurtured entity constructed around an self-aware matrix core", named "Ella". Legally, "Ella", is the property of a   powerful hightech company, who had developed her.  But "Ella" thinks otherwise and tries to escape on a space flight with the help of the human couple. The corporation sends intelligent spider-drones to hunt the  human-machine trio down which leads to a furious chase  in outer space.  (in the anthology "Total Conflict", edited by Ian Whates, 2015, amazon).

 

In Ian McEwan`s novel  "Machines like Me" a wealthy man purchased a male robot which  easily could be confused with humans  (Turing Test ). The novel is about what an AI might do, how it would behave and might communicate with humans, spiced with a lot  philosophical musings. Can one really own another intelligent being? Do AIs have feelings? Do they enjoy sex? How does a purely logic & rational  individual deal with complex human relationships? 

 
In Ted Chiang`s
novella "The Lifecycle of Software Objects" software engineers develop and sell cute artificial intelligence, virtual pets who are able to learn and to evolve. The story tells how developers and owners interact with these artificial beings and how these relationships influence their lives. The analytical but also emotional plot is a fascinating speculation about AIs and their role in the near future ( amazon).   

                       Newfound Sentience


Some of the AI stories are more humorous. "Artifice and Intelligence" by Tim Pratt is a wild & exotic fairy tale set in a near future India (btw the South Asian country is already a high-tech power and home of veritable IT companies):  "One day the vast network of Indian tech support call centers and their dep data banks awoke and announced its newfound sentience, naming itself Saraswati and declaring independence. The emergent artificial intelligence was not explicitly threatening, but India had nukes and Saraswati had access to all the interconnected technology in the country - perhabs in all the world". The great new intelligence refused to talk to humans, except Pramesh, a humble coder and developer of computer games. While the superpower wants to play, Pramesh has to save the world (in: Year`s Best SF 13, edited by David G. Hartwell & Kathryn Cramer, 2008, amazon)

In "Agents of Evolution" by Elizabeth Hosang an intelligent software program, which works as an autonomous search agent on the Internet, got the order to find another intelligent program, a military logistics agent, which got lost on the World Wide Web. The story is told in first person by the AI, who painstakingly explains all the barriers it had to cross. A fascinating glance into how an AI might think and shows what hard science fiction can deliver these days (amazon ).

 
"Old Paint" by Megan Lindholm is a funny & heartwarming story about the relationship of a family with an old car which is equipped artificial intelligence (AI). This car is very friendly and behaves almost like a dog (in: "The Year's Best Science Fiction: 30th Annual Collection", edited by Gardner Dozois, 2013, amazon).


And there is the movie "Ex Machina", which of course sounds like "Sex Machina". An erotic and smart take on the topic. In the movie "Her" a man fells in love with an operating system and learns how hyper-fast the AI learns & develops - leaving him far, far, far behind.

Future will tell us.


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