Economics: Are Monopolies Real?

 (Drivebycuriosity) - There is a lot ado about monopolies. Since the Sherman Antitrust Act from 1890 US politicians have been fighting alleged monopolies. They claim that there exist corporations that are too big and that these are crushing competition & harming consumers. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ runs now a huge law suit against Google, a corporation that offers search, maps and other services predominantly for free. The DOJ claims that Google maintains a monopoly and they attempt to break up the corporation. Part of the intended breakup would by a forced sale of the Google Chrome Browser.

Last week Perplexity made an offer to purchase Google`s Chrome Browser for $34.5 billions ( cnbc). Who is Perplexity? Perplexity is a start up, an American privately held software company offering a web search engine that processes user queries and synthesizes responses, says wikipedia. Perplexity was founded in 2022!  

Perplexity is a nice example for companies that suddenly come out of nowhere and attack the alleged monopolies. The fact that Perplexity, that exists only for 3 years, expects to get $34.5 billions from investors shows that there is a lot of money available to enter an attractive market and to challenge the leader.

The DOJ ignores that Google, who gets most of the revenues from advertisements on their platforms, is competing against Meta and other giants and is already losing market share to Amazon`s advertising business ( realclearmarket). 

 

 

And who remembers MySpace? The company was once the leading social network and regarded as a monopolist ( theguardian). But then came Zuckerberg out of nowhere and destroyed MySpace`s "monopoly" by creating Facebook. 

When a company has success it will inspire copycats who want a share from the pie. When Jeff Bezos started Amazon in the year 1994 his company was a monopolist, but just for a very short time. Amazon`s success story animated worldwide others to offer similar services.  

Today there are thousands of companies selling online, including giants like Walmart, Target, Best Buy & Costco, who all developed large online departments, and there also exist a lot online platforms like Overstock, Shopify, Wayfair, Etsy & Ebay, who all are successfully copying Amazon.

 

                    Perpetual Struggle  

Amazon was forced to be cost conscious and to become more and more efficient in order to survive the growing attacks. "What doesn´t kill me, will make me stronger", said Nietzsche. The perpetual struggle between innovators who turn into market leaders and their copycats is called competition, the yeast of the economy. The permanent struggle raises efficiency, suppresses costs and constrains prices for the benefit of the consumers.

There exist indeed real monopolies. Only the U.S. Department of the Treasury has the right to print US bank notes, do not try it at home. And there are monopolists owned and protected by the US government, states, counties and by laws, like JFK, USPS, Port of Los Angeles or Amtrak.  

Contrary to them big corporations like Google, Microsoft, Meta, Apple & Amazon and others all are competing against each others and versus countless challengers. The founders of Sherman Act and today the DOJ have no idea how the economy functions, they are economic illiterate and ignorant of history.